In the modern Russian economy, start-ups begin to play a significant role - young and ambitious companies aimed at the rapid implementation of a new idea in order to earn high profits. The economy of our country is being transformed and its innovative poten-tial is increasing due to the development of the start-ups system. A successful startup needs not only a promising idea but a clearly structured strategy to implement an inno-vative idea, avoid possible risks, prevent errors, select a viable team of like-minded professionals, manage investments wisely, produce, sell or provide in-demand and com-petitive products and services. Having broad experience in the field of launching startups in Russia, we try to consistently examine each component of a competent strategy in this article so that businesspersons could use it and implement their innova-tive ideas in startups.

The problem of proper notification of a foreign defendant is one of the most complex and urgent problems of international civil procedure. In the framework of this study, we will not separate the categories of proper and timely notification, but will study proper notification as a broader concept, including timely notification.

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the need to form, develop and im-prove students' skills in applying the theoretical knowledge gained from the course of higher mathematics, the studied mathematical methods to solving specific technical problems related to future professional work. One of these technical problems is the calculation of the necessary parameters for selecting the best steering drive. To solve the problem, students of the areas of training 11.05.01 “Radio-electronic systems and complexes” and 24.05.06 “Aircraft control systems” under the supervision of teachers used the method of standard coefficients. The students did the required calculations, analyzed the results obtained and formulated problems for the following studies. The need to form and develop the professional and mathematical culture of the future en-gineer is an important up-to-date task of higher professional education. The content of the article will be interesting for teachers and students.

Adam Smith defended the idea that the market was born spontaneously. The market would be inherent in human activity. "Natural inclination to all people: to barter and exchange one thing for another". Exchange is therefore at the origin of the organization of human societies, even before capitalism appeared. The market emerged from its marginality between the twelfth and eighteenth centuries in Western societies, when it could be organized, monitored, regulated. The market is therefore a matter for institu-tions. It is considered that the economy is developing in the direction of systematiza-tion and structuring while not having an exact classification (humanities or technical science), and yet it should be understood that despite the accuracy of economics from the point of view of mathematics, this matter is still not accurate and moderately ab-stract. The main economic problem is the limited resources with an infinite need for them, which is what many economists are trying to “mitigate” by developing theories and patterns of actions where a need for something is the motive of economic activity. It is evident that the amount of money in the world is limited which means that it is possible that people use the exact same banknotes all over the world but what is the chance to have the same bill two times per life? This article provides the economic ba-sis for understanding the beforementioned probability and it’s bound with credit system which is quite important in the modern society.

The purpose of the paper is to describe the process of the axiological significance loss of paremiological units. The results of psycholinguistic (associative) experiments recon-struct the specific character of the actualization of the psychological meaning of a word in the individual’s linguistic consciousness. Such an approach is also very promis-ing in the study of associations for fixing the active transformation of individual sectors of the idiomatic fund, in which the linguistic division of the world is correlated with the associative fields typology. The paremiological worldview reflects culturally based im-age of the world, once fixed in idiomatic meanings, and conventionalized in the cogni-tive mechanisms of their correlation with the value dominants of Russian linguistic cul-ture. Language, by means of fixed paremiological units, is accumulating and translating the ways of formation and existence of knowledge about reality. A set of the latter in the individual, group consciousness makes up a picture of the world.